What Are Parasomnias?

Parasomnias are a group of sleep disorders that include abnormal behaviors that occur during sleep.These behaviors include:

• Abnormal movements
• Atypical behaviors
• Strange perceptions
• Irregular dreams
• Abnormal emotions

They are broadly classified according to the sleep stage they occur in.

Types of Parasomnia Sleep Disorders

Several common types of parasomnias are sleepwalking, REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep talking, nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder, teeth grinding, and night terrors.

Sleepwalking (Somnambulism)

Sleepwalking, also known as somnambulism, is a parasomnia that occurs during the early stages of sleep. Sleepwalking can include any action an individual performs while sleeping (often standing up and walking around) of which he or she has no recollection.

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

REM sleep behavior disorder, also known as RBD, occurs during the REM stage of sleep. An individual with this parasomnia may act his/her dream out and may cause injury to self or a bed partner. Individuals generally recall their actions upon waking. This type of parasomnia is more often seen in men over 50 years of age.

Sleep Talking (Somniloquy)

Talking in your sleep, also known as somniloquy, is a parasomnia that can range from quiet mumbles to loud, repetitive shouts during sleep. Sleep talking is typically a repeated act, occurring multiple times throughout the night. 

Nocturnal Sleep-Related Eating Disorder (NSRED)

Nocturnal sleep-related eating disorder is related to sleepwalking and occurs when an individual eats while sleepwalking. Sufferers of the NSRED parasomnia do not recall eating and are at risk to gain excessive weight.

Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)

Teeth grinding, also known as bruxism, is a parasomnia characterized by involuntary back and forth movement of the teeth during sleep, causing wear and stress on the teeth and jaw. Migraines and morning headaches may occur as a consequence of bruxism. 

Night Terros (Sleep Terros)

Night terrors, also known as sleep terrors, usually awaken sleepers in extreme panic and fear. Night terror parasomnias commonly occur in the pediatric age group but may be seen in adults as well.

What Are the Symptoms of Parasomnia Sleep Disorders?

Some of the symptoms that indicate you may be suffering from a parasomnia include:

• Sleepwalking
• Bedwetting
• Screaming or yelling while sleeping
• Waking in the night confused or afraid
• Consuming food while sleeping without recollection
• Waking up somewhere you do not remember going to sleep
• Inability to recall movements or actions during the night
• Extreme or recurring nightmares
• Self or bed partner injury

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, visit our sleep specialist for parasomnia diagnosis and treatment.

Who Is At Risk for Developing Parasomnia Disorders?

Some individuals may be predisposed to certain parasomnias. You may be more likely to suffer from a parasomnia if you:

• Have family members who suffer from parasomnias
• Abuse drugs or alcohol
• Are experiencing stress
• Are taking medication(s) with side effects related to parasomnias
• Have post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

There are a number of other health conditions and disorders that may also be linked to parasomnias. You should check with a sleep specialist to determine whether your health history may place you at risk for developing a parasomnia.